How to Become a Good English Teacher

How to Become a Good English Teacher

English is an international language in the world. People use English to communicate each other or do business. In order to learn this language effectively, teacher is the most important element in teaching. Moreover, students learn many things from their teacher who has experiences and knowledge in English. In order to become a good one, a teacher of English is based on three main factors: use both the Grammar-Translation method and the Communicative Language Teaching, provide motivation, and begin each new lesson with a review.

In teaching English language, first a good teacher uses both techniques of teaching- the Grammar-Translation method and the Communicative Language Teaching. Teacher should be flexible in teaching students English and changes from one technique to another when one among these techniques does not work well. For example, the Grammar-Translation method is used to teach the low level learners. In contrast, by using the Grammar-Translation method to teach the advanced learners it might make them bored, so the Communicative Language Teaching should be used in teaching them. Furthermore, in order to make students involve with studying English all the time, students should be grouped to work in pair or group. This is the advantages of Communicative Language Teaching. On the other hand, the ESL learners should be taught interchangeably by using the Grammar-Translation method and the Communicative Language Teaching.

Second, a good teacher is the one who motivates students to learn English. In this point, teacher uses both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to make students into learning process. Students especially the elementary learners need both kinds of motivation because they are normally young boys and girls. Sometimes, they leave home and go to school without motivation. So, motivation is a teacher responsibility for how to make English as an interesting thing for students. For example, teacher should admire the students all the times even though the students make mistakes or errors.

Third, a good teacher is a person who always begins each new lesson with a review. Students need to know and understand what they have learned in order to connect from the previous lesson to the new one. A good teacher should refresh the students’ memories by reviewing the previous lesson because learning is a process. For example, students need to review the past simple first before they go to the past progressive.

In conclusion, a good English teacher should have three main characteristics of teaching: use the both techniques of teaching, motivate students to learn hard, and review what students have learned in the previous session. Moreover, teacher should learn from students and be sensitive and flexible to social distinctions and try to be open to the personal needs.

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Why Domestic Violence Mostly Happens to Women From 25 to 45 Years Old

Why Domestic Violence Mostly Happens to Women
From 25 to 45 Years Old

Domestic violence happens throughout the word, especially in developing countries. Cambodia is one among others, which has high rate of domestic violence. Most victims from are women who are 25 to 45 years old according to many researches by MoWVA, PADV, and other NGOs. Why are women more likely to suffer abuse?
The traditional social order within the family units assigns different roles and responsibilities to men and women. The men are traditionally the heads of household – ideally protecting the safety of his family, family property, and providing the resources including income and heavy labor to support the family. The women are traditionally the household managers – ideally maintaining the smooth running of house and all its resources, caring, producing children, and saving money. The traditional code of conduct for the women (Chbab Srey) stated that the women should respect and serve their husband, always speak sweetly and softly. Moreover, Chbab Srey reinforces this inequality reminding women, "To avoid posing yourself as equal to your husband... and never above him who is your master" (Cathy and Erin 22). When this interdependency is disregarded by one party the responsibilities of the heads of household and the household managers become clash. This causes each party to defend their position and try to re-establish a balance in order to fulfill their differing responsibilities. The men are perceived as using physical power to re-establish this order. For example, they use physical power against the women to affirm their authorities and to punish the women's non-fulfillment of socially assigned responsibilities and conduct. Within the survey of MoWA, UNDP, and UNICEF showed that 9% of domestic violence came from these ideal roles and responsibilities (21). Furthermore, an act of not serving good food, or an act of insubordination, such as challenging a decision made by the men or questioning their actions are admissible excuses for violence.

In contrast, now many women are the sole or equal contributor to household incomes, this provider responsibility no longer rests solely on the men. Therefore, the heads of household have potentially less control of the household because the women are now less dependent on them, and they are sure to claim that they experience this as a threat to their traditional role. The only resource available to regain this control is their physical power. The men, by spending or taking money for themselves when there is not enough for the family, are not fulfilling their traditional responsibilities as providers. Moreover, they blame and punish their wives for failing to fulfill the wives’ responsibilities in order to shift, blame, or dishonor from themselves to their wives.
Moreover, the years of war have blurred the clear distinction of traditional gender roles and responsibilities. An increased number of women become the heads of household as a result of husband's death of long absence due to military actions. Now men are returning to this adapted order within the family and are trying to re-establish their position as the heads of household which often resort to the use of physical power. Social pressure is not restricted just to women; it can be argued that men too will be judged by the society if they fail to be seen as functioning effectively as the head of household. The war that prolonged has destroyed family and there are no morals or understanding.
Furthermore, poverty as a result of prolonged civil war was consistently mentioned as a major cause of domestic violence. The war caused poverty, but we assume they are referring to the destruction of the education system; many boys become soldiers at very young age and have no skill and few employment opportunities upon leaving the army. Those people do not have enough food because they have small incomes and it causes disputes and violence.
Lack of moral education as well as general education among both men and women were perceived to cause domestic violence. Many women and men lacked the capacity to reconcile differences through discussion and lacked awareness and understanding of laws and human

rights. The husband lacks tolerance and forgiveness to his wife as a cause of domestic violence in families.
Not only are there causes above, but also the Traditional Code of Conduct of Men called Chbab Phroh, instructs the men to stay away from the three forms of madness, such as drinking, sexual intercourse, and gambling. According to the latest survey of MoWA and UNDP in 2001 showed that there were 40 % of these three forms madness caused domestic violence (22). Gambling will lead to destruction of family, wealth a loss of possessions, will lead to arguments and violence, and break the rules of society. Making sexual advances to other women will lose blessing from god, lose good counsel from the monk, and will have irritability and an happiness with wives and children. It is interesting that one or more of the three forms of madness were mentioned above as causes of domestic violence. These are the issues that women would often challenge and advise their husbands because of their negative effects on the family economic and health on them and their children.
On the other hand, domestic valence happens in all family levels, but it is rarely showed in a rich or high education family because it can injure their authorities and rank. Moreover, many men regard their wives as slaves. They nearly don't allow their wives to communicate with other people, especially with other men, even though those communications related to the business. Those men usually look for their wives, and they
are jealous of their wives. A 1999 report by PADV, USAID, and TAF showed that there were 5% of domestic violence came from jealousy (10).
Besides the levels of education, some men threat their wives in order to ask for some money to go to brothel. They learned many bad habits from outside and then when they come back home they act out experiences they have learned. Their sexual needs cause them to threat their wives who may be sick to serve their passionate needs.


Also, present law doesn't include a specific law against domestic violence yet, so it allows authorities to ignore it. The police, court, and authorities consider that beating up the women is an internal issue. Moreover, the government does not have enough news public media or mass media in order to share to people about domestic violence in Cambodia.
In short, domestic violence which has been considered as an internal issue mostly happens by drinking, gambling, infidelity, poverty, illiteracy, less family responsibilities, considering the wives as slave, war, jealousy, refused sexual intercourse, the absence of specific law, lack of news public media, and natural factor. It is extremely an impact on society in negative ways, so a specific law should be enacted soon in order to protect the right of women. NGOs and government should provide more training courses to both men and women and concentrate on it.

Bibliography
C.Zimmerman, E. Nelson, Household Survey on Domestic Violence in Cambodia, PADV, Phnom Penh, 1996.

C.Zimmerman, Plate in a Basket Will Rattle, Cambodia, 1994.

C.Zimmerman, Violence Against Women, Second edition, Phnom Penh, 2002.

MoWA, PADV, The Domestic Violence Survey in Cambodia, Phnom Pen, 1997.

MoWA, UNDP, Workshop on Draft Law on Domestic Violence, Phnom Penh, 2001.

MoWA, UNDP, Workshop Proposed Legislation on Domestic Violence, Phnom Penh, 2001.

PADV, USAID, TAF, Workshop to Release the Result of Study on Domestic Violence Through Cambodian Newspapers, Phnom Penh, 1999.

PADV, UNDP, UNICEF, The Study on Domestic Violence, Phnom Penh, 1995.

W. Sue, Domestic Violence in Cambodia, A Study of Health Care Providers Perceptions and Response, Phnom Penh 1999.

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Best Practise in English Language Teaching

Best Practise in English Language Teaching

Why do people want to learn foreign languages, especially English? Is it because of English is for pleasure or is it because of people wants to understand or communicate each other? Why teaching English language is a big topic that is being focussed? In this sense, teaching on a course plays an important role in helping or improving English for students. In order to learn English correctly, students need good teachers and enough sources in English teaching, a clear curriculum, and enough resources in both studying and teaching.

A. Physical Facilities
Physical comfort and safety attract students to participate in classroom. If they are fear for their safety and don’t fell comfortable they will not be able to learn. A poorly constructed learning environment, on the other hand, may create tension and stress that prevent students from learning.
The supply of chairs, desks, blackboards, and lightening in school are obviously controlled by school’s staffs and not by teachers. In this point in order to attract students in learning English, all equipment related should be sufficient.
- Classroom:
All classrooms that attract students to study are clean and comfortable which are large enough, have air conditioners, have enough lights, pictures and map decoration, are preferable. Whiteboard should be big enough. Furthermore separate desks and chairs are very important in teaching English because of group or pair work. They need to move from one place to another. In addition class size may also influence teachers’ decisions making about group arrangement or classroom procedure.
- Students
In English teaching, a number of students are very important. In academic teaching of languages, students in one class should be less than thirty. The standard number of students each class can help teachers to teach easily and to control over all of their students.


- Building
The effective learners want to learn in a beautiful, tall, and big building with a large library. A large library is more helpful to English teaching and learning. Students feel comfortable when they see their school is big. Moreover, their mind will be clear because of the environment around their schools.
- Parking lots and gardens
Most students worried about the security of their transportations. In order to keep their transportations safe enough, parking lots should have enough spaces for their cars or motorcycles. In addition students need garden when they want to get fresh air or relax.

B. Teachers
Teacher is the most important element in English teaching. Students learn many things from teacher who have more experiences and knowledge in English.
Good English teachers depend on two main factors (a) the objective of the lesson and (b) the characteristics of the students. Different lessons have objectives that demand different teaching strategies. The effective English teacher should:
- Begin each new lesson with a review
- State the goal of the lesson
- Present new material in small steps
- Give clear instruction and explanations: good teachers should have clear objectives because students need to know what their activities are purposeful. Before teachers ask student to do something especially new things they need to tell their students the way how to do it.
- Give students much time to practice
- Ask numerous questions
- Guide initial practice: example is an important element for best teachers to show their students of how to conduct to do the exercises given.
- Provide feedback and corrections: good teachers should manage to give enough feedbacks to students as they are correct or not.
- Provide explicit instructions for seatwork
- Hold weekly, monthly reviews, or test: one job of teacher is to evaluate their students’ ability of English language they have learnt. In this way test, homework, presentation, and evaluation of checklist are needed.
- Provide security: teachers have to show their interest equally in every student, so that students feel positive with every body-including teacher.
- Provide motivation: in this point intrinsic and extrinsic motivation that are teachers’ responsibility for how to make English as an interesting thing for students.
- Give more information: teachers are not just to teach students what extract from the course but they should tell their students the references or sources in case their students need some extra information.
Not only the point above that best teachers should have, but also some points that all English teachers should follow and do it:
- All teachers should know all methods such as how to teach grammar, vocabulary, listening, and reading.
- The affective teachers should have high education than their students and be fair enough to their students in teaching.
- Eye contact should be used. Using eye contact helps teachers to establish rapport, such as give their students feel confidence and a sense of security.
- Use gesture s and facial expression: using of gestures and facial expression are part of communication skill which helps teachers to get across what they want to say. Sometimes students are not clear enough in meaning of words or sentences. By using gestures and facial expression, teachers made students to understand easily.
- Position and movement of teachers: in classroom students quickly become sensitive to where teachers are placed. So the best practice in teaching English, teachers should move slowly.
- Use the voice: voice plays an important role in English teaching. The teachers’ voice should be clear and loud enough according to the size of the classroom in order to make attraction from students.
- The last point of something that teachers should have is to know classroom management, such as how to arrange seats, how to use board, how to monitor their students, how to start lesson, how to finish lesson, and how to do lesson plan.
In addition, all English teachers normally face an obstacle to teach students which have different personalities, needs, beliefs, attitude, background knowledge, and school experience. In this point teachers face the difficult tasks of making the group a coherent whole and making instruction meaningful to all students. So the best teacher is one who learns from their students. Teachers have to be sensitive and flexible to social distinctions and try to be open to the personals needs. What teachers are going to do is to fulfil student’s needs.

C- Curriculum
There are many universities or schools which have their own curriculum. Some schools set up a similar curriculum to others depend on theirs needs. A school which has good curriculum normally attracts by many students. Moreover, teachers and students needs clear and good curriculum to improve their English skills.
Teachers want to design one curriculum that is useful and helpful to their students. Advanced technology such as over head projector should be used in English teaching. They need to design an effective program that students want to learn each term with variety of textbooks.
In each school or university the best practise in teaching also bases on three rules which are already set up by school or university. They are “rules, regulations, and routines” These three elements determine how to cope with classroom atmosphere which called “climate”. School need this part of curriculum to organize itself to run smoothly and effectively. School or English teaching practise who have a good regulations normally give student more disciplines and attractive classroom.

D- Resources
School system administrators influence teaching and learning though the progressive allocation of resources from the school and classroom. To support this assertion, we must show that (1) the teacher’s use of resources is constrained by what administrators make available and (2) the use of these resources affects students learning.
Resources are an important part in English teaching and learning. All teachers need resources to teach their students. Also students need resources to find out the references. Resources link closely to English teaching. In this sense books, workbooks, cassettes players, video, CD, VCD, DVD, TV, tape recorders, over head projector, and other supplies can help teachers in teaching and practise. Not only the supplies above that students need, but also advanced technology such as computer, the Internet, and network are helpful. Students need practise through communication, writing, listening, and reading. So they can use these materials to improve their English language skill.
In short, the best practice in English language teaching depends on four factors. In order to attract the students in learning and help teachers to teach easily, classroom and school should be clean and large enough. Moreover, teachers themselves must know teaching methodology and have disciplines to teach their students. In addition to teachers and physicals facilities schools should have clear curriculum and enough sources.

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My idea of a happy family

My Idea of a happy Family

When all people in the world become mature, they start to think about creating their new family. Choosing a husband or wife is one of the most important decisions in a person’s life because a good marriage can mean the difference between a happy and an unhappy life. It is not easy for them to find men or women who had perfect characteristic as their expectation because no one is perfect.
Some people have their parents arrange their marriages. Because they think that their parents may make a better choice than them. They are not only older but also wiser and they have been married. Therefore, they know better what qualities are desirable in a spouse. Furthermore, parents may be better judges of character than young people, who often let emotions influence their judgment. In particular, having parents arrange a marriage is financial security. Of course, money doesn’t automatically bring happiness, but a lack of money certainly causes stress in any relationship. As we heard a sentence which people always said as a joke but this word is meaningful for us to consider. This word is “Love does not need money but people need it to make their life happy”

For my idea, I agree with the reasons above but it also has some holes. A good marriage is coming from two people well aware of their couple’s mind. It means that they spend more time to find someone who is in their dream. Sometime marriage is under our option because parents may make a poor choice, and the young couple may never be happy together. Parents should let their children have a chance to make a decision but under control of them, for my family, they didn’t force me to marry anyone that I don’t know. They give rights to me to make decision because they think that I have to live with husband, not live with parents for the whole life. To pay for my parents’ kindness and to be a good child, if I fall in love with someone I would introduce him to my parents. If my parents like him, we will continue our love and try to know the feeling of our partner more and moar. Howver, we avoid doing anything breaking over good tradition and badly influence our partner more and more. However, we avoid doing anything breaking our good tradition and badly influence our family’s reputation. I wish to get married to a man who have true love, high knowledge, kindness, patience and wealth. For his beauty I don’t care but he must have good health.
Being a good husband, he must have a true love to my family and me. Furthermore, he also respect to my parent. He should discuss decisions with me. Therefore, we share the role of head of household. In addition, he should share my housework when he has free time. He is the head of our family because he worked outside the home to earn money. He must have a high knowledge, because it is very important for human life. Having high knowledge can make it easy to find a good job with high salary and make a proper decision in the way of our life. He also has a good communication to the neighbors and our relatives. Moreover, when the big and small problems occur he can solve it patiently in order to avoid violence because if he can’t control our anger, our family will lose properties and reputation. For instance, if we have a small conflict with our neighbor and use violence, we will face with the law of our country. If the neighbor is severely injured or dead in the conflict we will become the murder. As a result, we will be fined as money or sentenced in jail.
On the other hand, properties are important too. It means that if our family hasn’t enough money, how can we find happiness? Because all people have needs. No one in the world wishes to live under poverty because when we have much money, our life will be convenient. We can go anywhere as we can go anywhere as we wish, especially when we have disease we can go to the local popular hospital or abroad to cure our diseases. Having money makes our life longer.
For another thing, his appearance is not important for me but I wish a good physical and healthy man. If I chose the handsome man I will be afraid that another woman loves him and she comes to split our love, which leads our love to breaking up, so the future of the children will fall into a bad situation because the parents can’t advise them anymore. In particular, they can’t pursue their study until their graduation.
In conclusion, if in the future I have the opportunity to find a good man s I wish I would encounter a happy life. But if our wish doesn’t come true we will meet an unhappy life. So we must be ready to solve it, because marriages need effort, patience and perhaps a little bit of luck.

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